Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods, a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

Cross-sectional observational studies reveal that cancer is more prevalent indepressed persons. Psychosocial stressors such as depression, anxiety, stressful life events, poverty, and lack of social support may favor carcinogenesis. Cancer acquired underthese circumstances has a poor prognosis. Conversely, when cancer has developed inthe presence of these factors, effective management or treatment of these psychosocialstressors may bring about increased survival time of the affected persons. The purposeof this narrative literature review is to examine the role that maladaptive stressresponses play in cancer initiation and progression. Relevant databases, hand searchesand authorative texts were critically analysed and the findings were integrated. Stress is influenced by genetic, environmental, pharmacological, and infectious factorsin addition to the chronicity of depression, social isolation, and poor stress-copingcapacity. Chronic psychosocial stress-induced maladaptive activation of theneuroendocrine system may dysregulate immunoinflammatory responses, alter oncogeneexpression, promote tumor-related angiogenesis, and accelerate growth of cancer withstimulation of neuroendocrine activity, which may favor cancer progression. Theevidence that associates psychosocial stressors to cancer progression is stronger thanthe evidence which links the same psychosocial stressors to cancer incidence.

Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most important chronic and pathological problems that can cause disruptions in human life. Some studies indicated that the release of inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative activity can increase nerve damage. Adalimumab is a human anti-monoclonal drug that can cause therapeutic effects in different diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the analgesic effects of adalimumab in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) experimental pain model in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 male Wistar rats were utilized in this study and were randomly assigned to four groups: the first group served as the control, the second group underwent CCI, the third group received CCI in conjunction with adalimumab (5 mg/kg), and the fourth group received CCI with adalimumab (10 mg/kg). Behavioral assessments were conducted 4, 7, and 14 days post-CCI induction. The spinal cords were extracted after these assessments, and the supernatants were analyzed for inflammatory and oxidative enzymes. Data analysis was performed using Prism GraphPad statistical software. Results: The analysis of the obtained data indicated that the injection of adalimumab in the third and fourth groups decreased the activity of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP. In addition, it decreased the activity of MDA and increased the SOD and CAT enzymes. Moreover, adalimumab significantly improved the outcomes of thermal allodynia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia in the CCI rats treated with this medication. Conclusion: The administration of adalimumab can be used to treat or reduce neuropathic pain with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, along with neuroprotective effects.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), coping ways and chronic stress psychophysiological symptoms.Method: 452 disabled veterans with severity of disability from 25 to 70% (according to martyr foundation and Isargaran affairs organization standards that have been recorded in disabled veterans' files) were selected by systematic categorical randomized sampling method (based on severity of disability) from the society of Qom city veterans. The studies instruments were Scheier & Carver brief cope questionnaire, post traumatic symptoms scale (PTSS-10) and chronic stress symptoms checklist (CSSC).Results: PTSD, dysfunctional and emotion oriented coping ways and residence in area 1 of Qom city related to and could predict the chronic stress symptoms. Conclusion: Coping-therapy and simultaneous medication can help disabled veterans to have psychological and physical health.

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and malignancy. Several factors contribute to these conditions. Structural characteristics in CKD, loss of renal energy, and uremia result in an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. Also, CKD patients usually have multiple cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are associated with oxidative stress, which can trigger the inflammatory process and accelerate renal injury progression. There are some clinical biomarkers to detect oxidative stress and antioxidant status in CKD patients. Antioxidant therapies may be beneficial in reducing oxidative stress, lowering uremic cardiovascular toxicity, and improving survival. Therefore, their roles in CKD patients have been evaluated in several studies as a new target for therapeutic intervention. This review provides an overview of oxidative stress mechanisms, clinical squeals, biomarkers, and possible antioxidant therapies in CKD patients.